HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE RESEARCH & NEWS

Potential Changes in Patent Law Line Lobbyist Pockets

A Congressional war is being waged in America's capital regarding whether drug manufacturers should

have the right to retain patents which they acquired by breaking the rules or engaging in unscrupulous misrepresentation. This matter of contention has created a muddled legal climate in regard to efforts to reform the existing patent structure.

In a number of recent court cases, judges have reneged on patents after it was discovered that the companies that acquired particular patents misled the Patent and Trademark Office in order to obtain a patent that they did not deserve. Patent law legislation affects a huge portion of the United States economy, and the current affair has left lobbyists both for and against patent law reform with flush pockets. Over the past fifteen months, two corporate coalitions have been in a fierce battle for the ears of members of Congress, spending a total of $4.3 million dollars making their cases both for and against patent law reform.

New Changes in Patent Law Up for Debate

The changes which are up for debate at this time represent the most massive potential overhaul in American patent law in the last half-century. Corporate representatives from nearly every significant United States industry have thrown their hats into the ring. Currently, patents give their owners the rights to their invention for a period of up to twenty years. As a means to defend against illegitimate patents, Federal courts have the jurisdiction to cancel patents if they discover that corporations acquired their patent through nefarious means, such as hiding or misrepresenting data in order to trick the patent office into issuing an unwarranted patent. If a patent has been found to have been earned in this manner, a federal court can nullify the patent, canceling its validity.

Senior V.P of the pharmaceutical manufacturer Eli Lilly, Robert Armitage, believes that this form of nullification is a miscarriage of justice. He compares it to sentencing a person to death for a simple misdemeanor. In his eyes, it's simply a gross misuse of force. Pharmaceutical companies that deal in Trademarked drugs are lobbying Congress in order to soften or eliminate this penalty for misconduct as it is currently encoded into law.

Debra Barrett is a the primary representative speaking for generic pharmaceutical companies. She is the V.P. Of the American arm of Teva Pharmaceutical, which is the biggest generic medicinal manufacturer on earth. She argues that the changes lobbied for by the designer pharmaceutical companies would create an unfair playing field in which drug companies that deal primarily in patented drugs would have an unfair advantage which essentially gives them a blank check to deceive the market. This change in patent law would make it easier for companies to retain ill-gotten patents and prevent useful and lifesaving drugs from reaching the generic market in a time frame that is supposedly ensured by law.

Consumer Advocates Weigh In

In addition to generic drug companies, consumer advocate organizations such as the American Association of Retired Persons are also concerned about the abuse of patent law which they feel has the potential to hurt customers. Groups like the AARP are ultimately concerned with ensuring that drugs enter the generic market at a timely pace. These generic drugs can be up to eighty percent cheaper than their trademarked counterparts. The AARP understands that there are many forms of therapy such as HGH Hormone Replacement Therapy and other health treatments which can potentially provide incredible benefits to seniors, and the earlier that these drugs are made available to the generic market, the more seniors will have the opportunity to utilize such therapies.

Current Activity in the House and Senate

The House of Representatives ultimately sided with the brand name pharmaceutical manufacturers and have passed a bill that would decrease the judicial systems ability to nullify patents for reasons of misconduct. The Senate has yet to come to agreement on a similar bill which was presented by the Senate Judiciary Committee, but it is expected that the bill will reach the floor of the Senate in the summer of 2008.

The Recent History of Inequitable Patent Conduct

From 1993 to 2008, the judiciary construct responsible for patent law cases, known as the U.S. Federal Circuit Court of Appeals, has discovered proof of misleading conduct in at least forty cases that were brought to trial. Among these cases were fourteen cases which involved health care and pharmaceutical patents. District court justices have also come to find similar results in an unidentified number of patent law cases in which appeals were not sought. In these cases, the courts discovered that pharmaceutical manufacturers presented knowingly untrue statements to the United States Patent Office in which they hid contradictory evidence and purposefully explained their experiments in a manner which was selectively inaccurate.

In one particularly telling case, the U.S. Court of Appeals explained that the drug manufacturer Novo Nordisk purposefully lied to the patent office regarding an experiment which they claimed to have performed when making the case for their patent for a form of Bio-Identical Human Growth Hormone. In a similar case, the drug company Pharmacia produced a misleading and inaccurate sworn statement when seeking a patent for a glaucoma drug.

Brand Name Versus Generic

Trademark drug companies accuse generic pharmaceutical manufacturers of being over-litigious, attacking patents haphazardly even if there is no proof of inequity, or unfairly targeting cases which unintentional but minor mistakes were made in patent acquisition. The brand name pharmaceutical manufacturers believe that aggressive claims of iniquity have become a major hindrance on the normal activity of the patent system. One of the primary interest groups that lobbies from this perspective is a trade association known as the Biotechnology Industry Organization. The BIO represents drug manufacturers that research modern medical treatments such as Testosterone Replacement Therapy and other patented Hormonal Therapies, among various other pharmaceuticals.

A Presidential Advisor Weighs In

The commissioner of trademarks and patents under George H.W. Bush was Harry Manbeck Junior. He believes that the current legal construct regarding patent inequity is a needed and sufficient deterrent to prevent unscrupulous patent conduct. He believes that it is important to recognize the potentially immense value of the patent. He goes on to say that companies have powerful incentives to acquire them, and that even with the current nullification structure in place, certain corporations still occasionally make the conscious decision to subvert the law. Mr. Manbeck maintains that the doctrine of inequitable conduct is a necessary construct which helps weed out the existence of ill-gotten patents.

How the Current Law Works

Under existing national regulations, individuals who seek to attain patents have an obligation to be honest when interacting with the United States Patent Office. They are required to speak with honesty, good faith, and candor. Patent-seekers are required to tell patent office officials if the invention which they present was first used by some other individual or entity, or if the invention was previously discovered by some other individual or group. They are also required to disclose whether the product has been put up for sale or delineated previously in some form of publication. If any of those circumstances are true, the patent office may make the decision that the patent sought is not original enough to be approved.

The Opinion of the Patent Office Professional Union

Although the patent office makes reasonable efforts to uncover existing forms of any potential patents presented to them, it is impossible for officials to review all of the relevant information in its entirety due to the volume of such information. For this reason, it is of the utmost importance that applicants be honest and upfront with all of the information that they have unveiled. Robert Budens is the executive officer representing the Patent Office Professional Association. This organization is a union which represents the needs of over 5,500 patent examiners across the United States. He believes that the patent inequity laws on the books are vitally important to the underlying purpose of the United States Patent Office, which is to protect the intellectual property of individuals who engage in genuine innovative activity. Weak patent inequity laws undermine this underlying purpose.

Some Consider Abuse inherent in the Current System

On the other hand, the executive representing Eli Lilly, Mr. Armitage, argues that the rules regarding inequitability are being abused by individuals and companies who wish to nullify legitimate patents for their own gain. The doctrine of inequibility is being cited with such frequency that it is creating an entire set of unintended consequences.

The executive officer of the BIO, James Greenwood, laments the plight of the overwhelmed patent official, claiming that individuals have a tendency to provide mountains of non-vital information to the United States Patent office in an attempt to avoid being perceived as hiding any information. In addition to this, they do little to explain the information that they provide to the patent officer because they fear that they will accidentally be misconstrued as having misrepresented the information they provided to the patent office. In the end, Greenwood claims, the examiner of the patent is forced to read through reams of information provided by the patent applicant with no guidance whatsoever as a result of the strict laws in place regarding inequitable conduct.

The Modern Surge of Patent Applications

Applications for patents have grown exponentially in the past two decades. A total of 467,243 patents were applied for in the year 2007. This number is twice the number applied for in 1997 and three times the number applied for in 1997.

The Undersecretary of Intellectual Property Commerce, Jon Dudas, says that there aren't more inventions than their were twenty years ago, there are more false leads and ideas which are unpatentable. The quality of the applications has dropped precipitously in the last generation.

Over the course of the last forty years, the fraction of applications which were approved for patent existed in a range of 62%-72%. In the year 2000, the percentage of successful patent applications peaked at 72%, but eight years later, the number of actionable patents has dropped to only 43% in the first business quarter of 2008..

Why is Patent Law Important To Technological and Pharmaceutical Companies?

One of the major reasons that existing patent law is at risk is because technological companies have an innate desire to restrict legal costs and damage settlements that occur when patent infringement is discovered. Corporations such as Palm and Cisco claim that these legal quarrels drain precious funding that would better serve both corporations and Americans at large if invested in innovation and research.

New Lobbying Firms Arise

A new lobbying firm has coalesced as a result of the unified needs of these patent-driven tech companies. This firm is known as the Coalition for Patent Fairness. Over the past five business quarters, the coalition has spent over $2.5 million on a large retinue of lobbyists which represent both Democrats and Republicans. The primary Democratic representative Democratic strategist Steven Elmendorf. The primary Republican representative is Mark Isakowitz.

A similar lobbying group known as the Coalition for Twenty-First Century Patent Reform has also formed, which represents fifty corporations which defend their patents and trademarks with zeal. These corporations have classically been known for their propensity to file lawsuits in defense of their existing patents. This coalition includes biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer, Merck, Eli Lilly, and Genzyme. This group of corporations has spent almost $2 million dollars funding lobbyists working in their favor. The biggest recipient of money from the coalition is a legal team administered by Akin Gump.

Patent law plays a major role in medical and technological innovation, and hopefully in the near future, laws will be both improved and streamlined in order to optimize the relationship between medical innovation and improved health outcomes for Americans.

Information Collected from www.newyorktimes.com

What is Human Growth Hormone?

By the Conscious Evolution Institute

HGH is one of the many vital hormones produced by the endocrine system to keep our minds and bodies running at full capacity. Like many other vital hormones, such as testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, and DHEA, endogenous Human Growth Hormone production begins to decline as we get older. HGH deficiency is one of the primary culprits which speed up the aging process, and for this reason, Human Growth Hormone shots are one of the most effective means by which to slow, and in many cases even reverse, the slow degradation associated with the aging process.

Clinical Anti-Aging physicians and scientists have provided evidence that HGH Hormone Therapy has the ability to reverse the physiological symptoms of aging to such an extent to where in the best cases, Human Growth Hormone is capable of reducing the body's physical age by as many as twenty years just with a single year of injection.

How is Human Growth Hormone produced by the body?

HGH is produced by our pituitary gland by means of physiological structures known as somatotrophs. The hormone is then released into the body in short, quick bursts which are then distributed throughout the body via the blood stream. The hypothalamus is the control-center which tells the pituitary when to release these bursts of HGH.

One of the primary ways that Human Growth Hormone functions in the body is that it is converted into a hormone known as Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 in the liver. IGF-1 is also referred to by its alternate name Somatomedin-C in many cases. IGF-1 is a close relative to insulin, and its primary purpose is to break down fatty tissue and convert it into energy which is then used by the muscles and various organs around the body to speed up metabolic and rejuvenative processes.

IGF-1 is also the primary means by which HGH Deficiency is diagnosed. Human Growth Hormone is released in short bursts which are difficult to monitor effectively. After Human Growth Hormone is quickly converted into IGF-1, the levels of this hormone remain relatively constant in the blood stream and are directly correlated with Human Growth Hormone production.

HGH Peak Production

Human Growth Hormone is secreted at its highest rate while we are in our adolescence during the growth spurt of puberty. During the teen and preteen years, this is the primary function of Human Growth Hormone. It increases cell reproduction and heavily targets bone tissue, causing the bones to grow and the body to therefore reach its final adult height. HGH levels drop from these peak levels after the epiphyseal plates of the long bones harden, preventing further growth.

Although it is unhealthy to restore this peak level of Human Growth Hormone, it is important for physical and mental health to maintain the HGH levels present in the body during our late teens and twenties, because these levels are the most effective for preserving the body and preventing premature aging.

Growth Hormone in Other Animals

In all species of animal, Growth Hormone levels have been shown to decline with age. This is an undeniable evolutionary fact that, at least to this point, has never been confronted with any source of contention in the scientific community. Although this seems like an unfortunate, yet unavoidable constant, it is possible to subvert this process of HGH decline through the use of Human Growth Hormone therapy in order to preserve healthy HGH levels associated with youth and vitality.

The rate at which GH production declines in different animals varies, but in human beings, Human Growth Hormone levels drop by about 1 to 2 percent each year after the age of thirty. The average rate of decline per decade is around 14 percent. Although the year to year change in HGH production might not seem like much, over time, it begins to accumulate and the body begins its precipitous decline into old age.

HGH Decline

To put the rate of hormone decline in a different context, at our adult peak around the age of twenty, the human body produces around five hundred micrograms of HGH per day. By the time we reach age forty, this level drops down to around two hundred. When we get to the ripe age of eighty, it declines to just a miniscule twenty-five micrograms! From twenty to forty this represents a sixty percent decline. From twenty to eighty, the effect is breath-takingwe produce just over six percent of the HGH we circulated in our prime. No wonder we look and feel so old! As Human Growth Hormone declines, so does its derivative IGF-1. With lower levels of IGF-1 in the blood stream, rates of metabolism drop, and one of our body's primary means of renewal is disrupted.

Cause of HGH Deficiency

At this point, scientists have not pinpointed exactly why this process of HGH Deficiency develops over time, although they understand the basic effects of that decline. By the time men reach their late thirties and early forties, the decline in Human Growth Hormone becomes symptomatic, and the effects of deficiency become more and more apparent. The skin droops, and muscle tone starts to decline.

It becomes harder to maintain a healthy weight, and fatigue makes the days become more of a struggle. Medical studies have shown that even as the somatotroph cells which produce Human Growth Hormone age, they still have the capability to produce adequate levels of HGH if properly stimulated. In a landmark study, scientists manually administered GH-RH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone) to the pituitary glands of aging laboratory rats. The somatotrophs responded by pumping out youthful levels of Human Growth Hormone.

This research, and other studies which have corroborated the findings, have led scientists and physicians to theorize that the mechanism for HGH deficiency is tied to the factors which lead to the release of the hormone, and not the health and age of the pituitary gland, itself.

Theories about HGH Deficiency

There are three competing theories today about what factors may cause this genetic decline in Human Growth Hormone levels. It is likely that all three theories play some role in HGH Deficiency, but it is unclear which theory is more dominant than its peers.

Theory One: HGH and Somatostatin Production

The first theory is that one of the issues which hinder Human Growth Hormone production is an inhibitory hormone known as somatostatin. This hormone functions as a negative feedback mechanism which blocks GH-RH Receptors on the pituitary gland and slows the production of Human Growth Hormone. As we age, it is believed that these HGH-Blockers eventually begin to prevent humans from producing adequate levels of Growth Hormone. In animal research studies, scientists blocked the production of somatostatins in the brains of aging rats and found that their Human Growth Hormone production returned to youthful levels.

Theory Two: HGH and the Hypothalamus

The second theory revolves around the hypothalamus, which signals the pituitary to release Human Growth Hormone. Research has shown that as we age, the hypothalamus becomes less sensitive to triggers which would normally cause it lead to the secretion of GH-RH. This decline in GH-RH production then creates a cascade of deficiency, leading to depressed levels of HGH production as well as IGF-1 conversion in the liver.

Theory Three: IGF-1 and Insulin

Another final theory quickly gaining support blames HGH and IGF-1 receptors throughout the body. There is evidence that leads researchers to believe that as we age, various receptors for these two important hormones become desensitized to the stimulation of Human Growth Hormone and its derivatives. This theory equates HGH Deficiency with insulin resistance. The body slowly loses its ability to respond to hormonal triggers and the body ages drastically as a result. If this is true, then this form of Human Growth Hormone Deficiency is very similar to diabetes.

When is HGH Produced?

Human Growth Hormone is produced mainly during two different periods. HGH is released in its highest amounts during the hours of deep sleep. This is why proper sleeping habits are vital to the efficient release of Human Growth Hormone, and why many HGH shots are delivered at night before bed, in order to simulate the natural release by the body. HGH is also produced during periods of intense physical activity such as cardiovascular exercise and weightlifting. Human Growth Hormone release during exercise helps the body perform better and helps the body recover more effectively after exercise is complete.

Symptoms of Human Growth Hormone Deficiency

Various clinical and scientific studies have linked HGH Deficiency to a number of different symptoms of aging. Most of these symptoms have been revealed in younger patients who suffer from HGH Deficiency at an early age as well. These symptoms include:

• Cardiovascular disease Lowered metabolism leads to higher levels of fat and unhealthy triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in the blood stream, leading to issues such as blot clots, heart blockages, and hypertension. Human Growth Hormone breaks down unhealthy fatty tissue and restores a healthy balance of HDL and LDL cholesterol in addition to reducing Triglyceride levels.

• Fatigue HGH Deficiency reduces the body's ability to respond to vigorous exercise effectively. Without the energy provided by IGF-1, the body doesnt have the energy it needs to maximize the benefits of exercise. In addition to this, low levels of Human Growth Hormone can make it hard to get out of bed in the morning or even make it through a work day without succumbing to various symptoms of generalized exhaustion. HGH shots help patients maintain high levels of energy during exercise which helps maximize the benefits of both aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

• Trouble sleeping The release of Human Growth Hormone at night plays a major role in maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm If you are deficient in HGH, there is an increased chance that you will have issues sleeping, or be able to sleep for a full eight hours. This issue causes a vicious feedback loop because poor sleeping habits further exacerbate HGH Deficiency. Hormone Replacement Therapy helps restore healthy rhythms and patterns of sleep, helping you wake up more well-rested and refreshed.

• Changes in hair color and hair thickness Human Growth Hormone Deficiency produces generalized effects of reduced rejuvenation throughout the body. Without proper levels of HGH, the hair begins to degrade. Color slowly begins to fade until the hair turns grey or white. Once lush and healthy hair has a tendency to become thin and wispy and prone to falling out. Human Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy has the ability to restore healthy hair to a significant percentage of patients.

• The development of fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin Human Growth Hormone Deficiency is most noticeable in its early stages in the effect that it has on the structure and health of the skin. Human Growth Hormone Deficiency leads to weakened muscles under the skin which contribute to sagging skin on the face and neck. It also reduces fluid retention in the skin cells which leads to the formation of deep lines and wrinkles, because the individual skin cells are no longer as robust and healthy as they once were.

This combines with weakened muscle structure underneath the skin and makes wrinkles more noticeable and distracting. Human Growth Hormone shots restore the intracellular fluid which makes the skin look flush and healthy. It also tightens the skin, reducing that unwanted sagging which droops the face and makes a person look far older than he or she should.

• Decreased muscle mass and strength As was mentioned earlier, Human Growth Hormone Deficiency reduces the ability of the body to withstand rigorous exercise. In addition to this, deficiency also diminishes the gains made when exercising as well. In addition to providing the energy and fuel needed to perform strenuous exercise, HGH also provides the muscles with the tools they need to repair themselves and become stronger as a result of exercise.

This is one of the primary reasons why bodybuilders and athletes utilize Human Growth Hormonebecause it vastly increases the gains made in terms of both strength and physical aesthetic as a result of exercise. Although Human Growth Hormone is illegal in the United States for performance enhancement, it is perfectly legal to experience these physical gains as a benefit of treating legitimate Human Growth Hormone Deficiency.

• Increased adipose fat deposits and obesity Human Growth Hormone deficiency plays a major role in the development of weight gain and obesity in patients over the age of thirty. HGH is a central player in basic human metabolism, and as HGH levels start to decline, this is directly correlated with a decrease in metabolism. Are you eating the same food you did in your twenties and still intake the same number of calories, but you find that you are putting on the pounds all of a sudden? This is likely the result of Human Growth Hormone Deficiency, and initiating HGH Hormone Replacement Therapy can help you reverse this trend and lose the weight.

HGH shots naturally reduce body fat percentage by increasing metabolism and breaking down adipose tissue which is predominantly located around the hips, stomach, waist, and thighs. This fat is then converted into energy that the body needs to perform day-to-day activity. The benefits of this increased metabolism create a positive feedback loop in which enhanced energy allows one to work out harder and longer and burn more fat.

• Bone health Human Growth Hormone plays a major role in the maintenance of bone health and, although natural, the decline in Human Growth Hormone production weakens the bones and greatly increases the risk of bone fractures and breaks as well as osteoporosis. Similar in some ways to how IGF-1 effects muscle tissue, this hormone provides the bones with the necessary tools and nutrients needed to maintain a healthy skeletal system. In addition to this, IGF-1 increases the metabolism of cells within the bones, causing repair and maintenance to occur more quickly and efficiently, preventing dangerous bone disorders such as osteoporosis when used appropriately.

• Decreased Libido and Sexual Ability Much like Testosterone and Estrogen deficiency, HGH Deficiency in some cases weakens the sex drive. This is due to a number of factors. Low energy and fatigue make one less interested in sex for example. Poor body image as a result of weight gain and muscle loss can also make it difficult to get in the mood. In addition to this, Human Growth Hormone plays a key role in a man or womans functional ability to perform as well.

In men, HGH deficiency can lead to erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation. In women, HGH Deficiency can lead to vaginal dryness or other symptoms of female sexual dysfunction. HGH Hormone Replacement Therapy has been shown to be quite effective at restoring sexual function even without the use of sexual aids such as Cialis or Viagra.

• Depression and mood swings HGH Deficiency has been linked to a number of mood disorders which are associated with aging. As with decreased libido, some of the reasons why these mental disruptions occur are because of the influence of the other symptoms of Human Growth Hormone deficiency on the human psyche. As the aging process begins to create a physical and mental decline, it is only natural to have feelings of anxiety and depression. Fatigue and low energy create a perpetual system where nothing ever seems to get done correctly and you have no motivation. Weight gain and muscle atrophy cause you to have poor physical perception which makes you just not feel attractive anymore.

In addition to this, depression and mood disorders are exacerbated by Human Growth Hormone decline itself. The mental and physiological roots of HGH induced depression and anxiety magnify one another and can put a person in a rut that can be incredibly difficult to escape without the help of medication or therapy. If you feel that your depression may be the result of HGH Deficiency, it may be better for your mental health to try HGH Hormone Replacement Therapy before turning to Anti-Depressants and Anti-Anxiety medications, because these medications can sometimes have side-effects which adversely impact your mental health in other ways.

• Memory and cognitive issues HGH Deficiency has been linked to a number of different cognitive issues that occur as the result of the aging process. When using HGH for general Anti-Aging purposes, a significant percentage of individuals who used the therapy were able to perform more effectively at memory-oriented tasks and were confident that their memory had improved as a result of therapy. In addition to this, focus and mental sharpness were found to increase as well, allowing many patients to perform better on the job, as well as help them think critically in other aspects of their daily life.

So what can HGH Hormone Replacement Therapy do for me?

There is a bounty of evidence, both in theory and in clinical practice, that Human Growth Hormone injections have the ability to alleviate or even reverse the symptoms listed in the previous section. By utilizing HGH Hormone Replacement Therapy it is possible to improve ones overall mental and physical condition in order to live life fully and with vitality.

There is simply no other Hormone or medication which can produce the full plethora of benefits and positive results that are provided by this natural product of the human body. HGH Hormone Replacement Therapy is delivered via Bio-Identical Human Growth Hormone Shots. Although prepared in a laboratory, this BioIdentical HGH is the functional and biological equivalent of internally produced natural Human Growth Hormone and provides identical results.

The Conscious Evolution Institute Your best option for quality Hormone Replacement Products

Human Growth Hormone Replacement is one of the core therapies used by the Conscious Evolution Institute. Our physicians and associates have seen with their own eyes the amazing benefits provided by this fantastic and natural treatment option.

If you feel that premature aging or the natural aging process is inhibiting your ability to live your life the way you have always intended to live it, we firmly believe we can set you back on your feet and set you back on the path to golden years full of energy, happiness, and adventure.

Although it may seem like Human Growth Hormones benefits are too good to be true, mounting scientific and clinical evidence suggests the opposite.

If you are interested in HGH Hormone Replacement Therapy, or any of the other therapy options we provide, such as Testosterone and Sermorelin Acetate Therapy, contact us today to learn more about the medical procedures and treatments that we provide with confidence to men and women all across the United States who are just like you.