HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY, WHERE TO BUY HGH FACTOR

Hormone Replacement Therapy with Pellet Implants

Testosterone Pellets are one of the most effective forms of Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy. This form of Hormone Balance Treatment involves surgically inserting tiny cylinders of pure Testosterone just underneath the skin. In addition to Testosterone Pellets, there are also Estradiol Implants as well. Testosterone Pellets are made up of Bio-Identical Testosterone, and the Estradiol Pellets contain both Bio-Identical Estradiol and Stearic Acid.

The cylinders are created by taking the hormones and other ingredients and either fusing them or applying high levels of pressure in order to form the hormones into small cylindrical shapes. The pellets are relatively small. They are smaller than a Tic-Tac breath mint and bigger than a grain of rice.

The body of clinical evidence suggests that Pellet Implant Hormone Replacement Therapy is the best way to restore hormone levels in the human body. The rate that the Testosterone is absorbed into the body is more closely compared to the body's natural release patterns than any other form of Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy.

Unlike some other forms of therapy, such as Testosterone Patches, Testosterone Pellets are perfectly designed for Female Testosterone Replacement Therapy. Testosterone Pellets release small and steady levels of Bio-Identical Testosterone which closely mimic the body's own natural patterns. Because of this, Testosterone Pellets restore normal hormone balance more effectively than any other method.

How are Testosterone and Estrogen Pellets made?

In America, most Testosterone and Estrogen Pellets are actually made in pharmacies by compounding specialists. The Pellets are created in a sterile environment and stored in treated glass vials. Although most Testosterone Pellets are made in pharmacies, there is also a form of Testosterone Pellet known as Testopel which is the only current form of Testosterone Pellet Therapy that is expressly approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Testopel provides a 75 milligram dose of Testosterone, but compounded Testosterone Pellets can be specially designed for the individual patient.

What Makes Testosterone Pellets Such a Strong Treatment Option for Testosterone Deficiency?

Testosterone Pellets are highly effective because of their ability to deliver a consistent dose of Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy for an extended period of time. For women, a single implant provides three to five months of Testosterone. For men, a single pellet provides four to six months of Testosterone.

Pellet Implants are a highly desirable form of Testosterone HRT because they effectively bypass the varying and fluctuating Hormone Levels associated with all other forms of Testosterone Replacement Therapy. Creams apply a large dose early in the day that starts to fade later on. Testosterone Patches are steadier than Testosterone Creams, but they are still less consistent than Pellets. Testosterone Injections are the least consistent of all of the above, but they provide a larger initial boost of Testosterone. For this reason, Testosterone Injections also have a slightly higher risk of side-effect than other forms of Testosterone Treatment.

Estrogen Pellets also provide a similar level of consistency in regard to hormone balance. Estrogen Implants optimize health and protect against disease by maintaining a healthy ratio of Estrone and Estradiol. Unlike some other forms of therapy, neither Estrogen Pellets or Testosterone Pellets increase the chance of experiencing blood blots.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Menopause Benefits

In clinical studies, Testosterone Pellets have been shown to be more successful than other forms of Hormone Replacement Therapy for the treatment of hormone imbalance in women. For women undergoing Menopause, Testosterone Replacement Therapy offers the following benefits:

• Fosters Healthy Bone Mineral Density

• Reduces the Risk of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia

• Increases Sex Drive

• Increases Sexual Ability

• Improves Sleeping Habits

• Reduces Occurrence of Hot Flashes

• Provides Migraine Relief

Testosterone Pellets have been fully accepted as a successful treatment to relieve the headaches and migraines that are sometimes associated with menopause. In regard to sexuality, Testosterone is just as important for women as it is for men. Although Estrogen primarily controls the sexual cycles of the human body, Testosterone controls most aspects of sexual performance, desire, and ability. Testosterone Replacement Therapy improves sexual performance by increasing the sensitivity of the sexual organs and the ability to produce lubrication in preparation for sex.

For women, Testosterone also provides a number of urological benefits. In decreases the intensity of the urge to go, and it prevents patients from having to go as often. It also alleviates the experience of incontinence.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Benefits

Testosterone Pellets also offer a number of powerful benefits to both men and women suffering from Testosterone Deficiency:

• Improves Energy Levels

• Reduces Anxiety

• Alleviates Depression

• Enhances Overall Sense of Well-Being

• Sharpens Memory

• Improves Concentration

• Increases Muscle Mass

• Fosters Healthier Bone Mineral Density

• Reduces Body fat

Testosterone is vitally important for the mental and physical health for both sexes, and there is strong evidence that healthy Testosterone Levels have a preventative impact on the risk of experiencing a number of different illnesses, including Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's, which appear to have at least some association with Testosterone Deficiency.

Testosterone Implants also have the highest success rate of any form of Testosterone Replacement Therapy. Testosterone Pellets are incredibly convenient, requiring only two to four simple outpatient procedures per year. Many patients simply aren't committed enough to maintain some other forms of therapy as effectively. With Testosterone Implants, the patient has no responsibility other than making his or her doctor's appointments.

Testosterone Pellets have been used for a long time. They were first used as a medical treatment in the 1930s, using real Testosterone harvested from organ donors. Today, Testosterone is formulated using Recombinant-DNA Technology in a laboratory, and it is completely safe and sterile. Although Testosterone Replacement Therapy is made in a lab, it is completely identical to the Testosterone made by the human body, meaning that there is no risk of rejection and no negative consequences of using an unnatural medical treatment. Because Testosterone has been used for so long, there is an extensive body of evidence regarding its safety and efficacy.

Where and How are Testosterone Pellets Inserted?

Testosterone Pellets are implanted in an outpatient procedure utilizing local anesthetic. The process is quick, easy, and produces very little pain for the patient, so it's very easy for the patient to handle. Most commonly, the Testosterone Pellet is surgically inserted underneath the skin into the upper buttocks. The physician will make a small incision and insert the Testosterone Pellet, then use medical tape to close the wound for quick and natural healing.

When choosing Testosterone Pellets, it is important to find a highly experienced medical professional that has a history of performing the treatment in order to perform the treatment effectively and provide the optimum appropriate dose.

What are the Side-Effects of Testosterone Implantation

As with any other form of Testosterone Hormone Replacement, there is always at least some risk of experiencing side effects. These are some side effects that you may experience directly as a result of Testosterone Implantation Surgery:

• Minor Bruising

• Minor Bleeding

• Infection

• Skin Discoloration

• Extrusion of the Testosterone Pellet

Discoloration and minor bruising are relatively common side effects, but the other side effects are incredibly rare. In some cases, Testosterone Replacement Therapy may lead to a very minor increase in hair in some female patients.

Testosterone can also lead to elevated Red Blood Cell counts in some patients. This is because Testosterone plays a role in bone marrow function, which increases the production of the cells. One of the most common symptoms of Testosterone Deficiency is anemia, which leads directly to feelings of fatigue and exhaustion related to Low-T. Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy may in some cases increase Red Blood Cell counts to above normal. In the case that Hematocrit and Hemoblogin levels become elevated, it can be treated simply by giving a routine donation of blood.

In order to limit the risk of experiencing side effects, it is important to avoid vigorous activity following Surgical Testosterone Implantation. Women should wait for about 48 hours before engaging in this form of activity. Men should wait for between five and seven days. Performing vigorous activity before the wound has had time to heal is the primary cause of Testosterone Pellet Extrusion, which means that the pellet has worked out of the skin. Under certain circumstances, the patient may be prescribed antibiotics in order to prevent infection. This is most common when the patient has recently undergone a joint replacement or is diabetic. Even under these circumstances, antibiotics might not be needed, because the procedure is completely sterile and only causes minor bleeding at most.

Why Don't I Hear about Testosterone Implants as Much as Other Forms of Testosterone Therapy?

You may find it strange that Testosterone Pellets aren't as widely talked about as other forms of therapy. This is because Testosterone Pellets are not a patented product and they are not heavily marketed. The only patented form of Testosterone Implant is Testopel, and most Testosterone Implants are simply made inside of a pharmacy. In Australia and Europe, Testosterone Pellets are much more commonly prescribed, and there are actually more pharmaceutical manufacturers which make the pellets. Today, most of the new scientific data regarding Testosterone Pellets come from Australia and Europe for this reason.

Do Men Need Testosterone Replacement Therapy?

As men age, they start to experience a medical condition which shares many similarities with Menopause known as Andropause. The human body starts to slowly produce less and less Testosterone, which can eventually lead to severe hormone deficiency. Men generally produce strong levels of Testosterone throughout late adolescence and early adulthood, and Testosterone Levels start to drop when men enter their early thirties.

In spite of this decline, most men maintain categorically normal Testosterone Levels until sometime between in their mid-forties and mid-fifties. Some men even maintain healthy Testosterone Production into their seventies and eighties! Testosterone Deficiency is a real and significant medical condition that many men experience in America. Recognizing the signs of Testosterone Deficiency is incredible important, because men can start to experience a significant decline in their quality of life even in the thirties as a result of Testosterone Deficiency. Some of the most common symptoms of Testosterone Deficiency that male patients experience in their early thirties are:

• Depression

• Fatigue

• Lack of Libido

• Sexual Dysfunction

• Loss of Bone Mineral Density

• Weight Gain

• Cognitive Decline

• Trouble Sleeping

At the first signs of deficiency, a man should get his Testosterone Levels evaluated. Beginning around the age of fifty, it is highly beneficial for men to have their hormone levels tested even if they are not experiencing significant signs of hormone imbalance, simply to give them a more accurate knowledge of their current hormone state and what they can do to maintain their health.

Estrogen Pellets and Breast Cancer Risk

Compared to other forms of Estrogen Hormone Replacement Therapy, Bio-Identical Estrogen and Testosterone Pellets contribute less to breast cancer risk than other forms of therapy. In regard to Estrogen Replacement Therapy, other forms of the hormone such as Oral Estrogen are not nearly as effective at maintaining an optimal ratio of estrogen and its various metabolites, which increases breast cancer risk. Since Estrogen Pellets closely mimic the natural processes of the body, evidence actually shows that Bio-Identical Estrogen actually may have protective effects upon breast health.

Testosterone Pellets and Breast Cancer Risk

Testosterone Implantation has also been shown to have positive effects upon the health of the breasts. Healthy Testosterone Levels slow down the proliferation of breast cells and have the ability to reduce the risk of breast cancer directly as a result. Clinical evidence shows that Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy has the ability to regulate Estrogen Levels and provide further protection to the health of the breasts.

Other forms of treatment, such as the oral methyl-Testosterone are converted by the body into a synthetic form of estrogen which can actually increase breast proliferation, increasing the risk of breast cancer. Testosterone Pellets have been used in the past as a treatment for patients suffering from advanced breast cancer. In recent years specifically, Androgens like Testosterone have been clinically shown to increase the effectiveness of the breast cancer treatment Tamoxifen.

Why are Recombinant Bio-Identical Hormones Safer than other Synthetic Forms of Therapy?

Bio-Identical Hormones and Synthetic Hormones both have their place in treatment, but for standard Hormone Replacement Therapy Treatment, Bio-Identical Estrogen is generally superior to other forms of Estrogen Therapy. Recombinant Progesterone, for example, does not lead to an increased breast cancer risk like other synthetic Progestin medications. In addition to this, Vaginal Progesterone does not cancel out the heart benefits of Estrogen Replacement Therapy like Synthetic Progestins.

Estriol is a form of Estrogen Replacement Therapy that is commonly used in Europe, but has never been submitted to the Food and Drug Administration for approval in America. This form of Bio-Identical Estrogen does not bind as powerfully to Estrogen Receptors as other, synthetic forms of Estrogen, and it does not have a negative impact on breast tissue proliferation. There are a number of studies that show that the vaginal application of Bio-Identical Estriol does not raise breast cancer risk.

There is actually evidence that patients that survive breast cancer and take Estriol as a preventative measure have a lower risk of experiencing breast cancer recurrence and have a lower mortality risk. Hormone Balance is one of the most important keys to a healthy body, and hormone restoration has been shown to have numerous restorative benefits, whether it be in the form of Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy, Estrogen Hormone Replacement Therapy, or Human Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy. Patients suffering from significant hormone deficiency are at substantially increased risk of experiencing a number of health disorders and conditions.

Can Estrogen and Testosterone Pellets Counteract Hair Loss and Thinning Associated with Aging in Women?

In women, hormone deficiency is one of the most common reasons that hair loss occurs. Testosterone and Estradiol Implants have the ability to help women grow healthier and thicker hair. It can even encourage the growth of hair in areas where hair has fallen out as a result of hormone deficiency in many cases.

When does the patient start to feel improvement after Pellet Implantation has taken place?

Some psychological changes may take place in the first day or two after implantation. Many patients don't experience any significant changes for as long as fourteen days. Most patients start to experience at least some benefit after around a week of treatment. Physiological changes will start to take place relatively quickly, but changes in body composition may take a few months to occur.

Although Hormone Replacement Therapy has the ability to induce positive changes even without any changes in lifestyle, in order to receive the optimal benefits of treatment, it is necessary to make proactive changes in your life in order to foster a healthier body. This means that you should engage in a healthy exercise routine, start a healthy and responsible diet, and manage your stress. Stress has a significant impact on human health, and is the strongest environmental pressure which contributes to hormone imbalance.

How Long do Testosterone and Estrogen Pellets Remain Active?

Testosterone and Estrogen Pellets slowly break down over time, releasing Bio-Identical Testosterone at a slow and steady rate until the entire pellet has dissolved. The Pellets are made entirely of desolvable products, so the pellet will disappear completely by the time that a new treatment is required. Hormone Replacement Therapy Pellets last for an extensive period of time, much longer than any other form of treatment. Testosterone Patches and Gels must be applied daily. Testosterone Injections are much more flexible, but at best, you will require a Bio-Identical Testosterone Injection once every two weeks. Testosterone and Estrogen Pellets, on the other hand, remain active for months. For women, a single Estrogen or Testosterone Pellet will remain active between three and five months. For Men, the Testosterone Pellet will remain active for four to six months.

How is Hormone Balance Assessed before and during Therapy?

Before treatment begins, you will provide your prescribing physician with a blood sample. This blood sample will be evaluated in a number of different ways, providing the physician with a vivid outlook of your current health and hormone status. In women, the most important tests will reveal underlying levels of Free Testosterone, Total Testosterone, Estradiol, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone. In many cases, Thyroid Hormone Levels will also be evaluated. In male patients, complete blood count, liver profile, Free and Total Testosterone Levels, and Prostate Specific Antigen Levels will need to be tested. The PSA Test is important because it screens for prostate cancer.

With Hormone Replacement Therapy Pellets, hormone levels are generally tested at some point just before the new HRT Pellets are to be implanted, so that the physician can evaluate the success of therapy and take steps to streamline treatment and ensure its continuing success. The first year is the most important, and after the first year it may not be necessary to evaluate hormone balance quite as frequently.

Ensuring a Safe and Successful Recovery from Testosterone Pellet Implantation

• If you are a woman, avoid any strenuous activity for two days. If you are a man, avoid such activity for seven days.

• Wait a full day before you take a shower.

• If recommended, take two antibiotic pills.

• After implantation, ice the area for one to two hours in order to prevent swelling.

• Leave the incision dressed in dry gauze for two full days. After two days, leave the area open.

• Keep the tape applied over the incision until the edges begin to curl. If it does not loosen on its own, take it off in five to seven days.

• Don't worry if you experience light redness around the incision. This is a common side effect.

• You may experience light physiological discomfort in the three days after the surgery. This is common.

• Infection is a very rare side effect. If swelling and redness grows after two days, you may be experiencing a slight skin infection.

• In order to alleviate discomfort, you can use a heating pad twice a day for ten to fifteen minutes to alleviate discomfort. A warm cloth is also acceptable.

• If you do experience infection, you will need to get a prescription for an anti-biotic such as Keflex.

• If you are allergic to Keflex or Penicillin, you can get an alternate anti-biotic treatment.

Estrogen Hormone Replacement Therapy May Diminish Alzheimer's Disease Risk

What is Alzheimer's?

Alzheimer's disease is the most diagnosed form of dementia in the world. As of yet there is no cure for the disease, but researchers worldwide are spending their entire careers attempting to discover ways to alleviate or even cure the syndrome. Our knowledge of the disease grows more quickly by the year and there is significant hope that within the coming generation our world's greatest minds will discover a means to defeat this dreaded degenerative condition. Alzheimer's develops in a different pattern and at a different speed for every patient, but the common symptoms are:

• Increased aggression and irritability

• High levels of confusion and disorientation

• Rapid changes in mood

• Atrophy of language ability

• Long term, and eventually short term memory loss

  

• In later stages, a loss of physiological control, in which over time, the patient is eventually completely dependent upon a caregiver

There are three primary hypotheses regarding the cause of Alzheimer's:

Cholinergenic Hypothesis:

This was the original hypothesis regarding Alzheimer's disease, and treatment approaches using this theory as a starting point produce only minimal beneficial effects. This hypothesis predicts that Alzheimer's disease is largely the result of a reduced ability for the brain to synthesize acetylcholine.

Tau Hypothesis:

This hypothesis centers around the idea that abnormalities in a certain type of protein known as Tau Protein can cause the effects of Alzheimer's disease. It is hypothesized that hyperphosphorylated tau interacts with other forms of tau protein, creating clumps of protein known as neurofibrillary tangles inside of nerve cells. These tangles disrupt the function of nerve cells, clogging up the active transport system and preventing neuronal messages from reaching target destinations. At first, this leads to misdirected neuron firing but can eventually lead to the death of the neurons themselves.

The Amyloid hypothesis

The Amyloid Hypothesis is the most widely researched and studied hypothesis, and is the hypothesis for which the research discussed in this article is related to. According to this hypothesis, Alzheimer's is primarily caused by the formation of Beta-Amyloid deposits in the brain which clog up neuronal pathways, leading to the detrimental effects of the disease. One of the primary reasons why this hypothesis carries so much weight is because individuals who display an increased proclivity for the formation of these proteins display a greatly increased risk of the disease. Individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of this genetic abnormality, and as a result, these patients display symptoms of Alzheimer's at an age as early as 40.

New Study: APoE4 Precursor for Alzheimer's and Advanced Aging

Endocrinologists have made a number of discoveries regarding the effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Alzheimer's, and New clinical research provides evidence that Estrogen Hormone Treatments may be able to slow down the process of aging in middle-aged females who are at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. In this clinical study, otherwise healthy female patients who were going through menopause while also harboring a genetic increased risk of Alzheimer's did not succumb to the disease when treated with Hormone Replacement Therapy.

The genetic abnormality APoE4 has been linked to processes which speed up the natural aging process in women. Hormone Replacement Therapy featuring Estrogen may counteract the detrimental effects of this genetic condition and help older women avoid the ravages of Alzheimer's disease.

What is APoE4?

AP0e4 is the strongest causal genetic link for developing Alzheimer's disease. This gene is responsible for the production of an enzyme known as Apolipoprotein E Type 4. Apolipoprotein E is primarily released by macrophages and the liver in order to break down triglycerides. Ap0E4 performs this function, but is also correlated with creating devastating protein abnormalities in the brain which lead to Alzheimer's. Those who carry 2 copies of the Ap0E4 gene have a ten to thirty times increased likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Ap0E4 is so strongly correlated with Alzheimer's disease that James Watson, one member of the duo of scientists who first discovered the existence of DNA, refuses to be tested for the genetic abnormality. Individuals who have an active Ap0E4 gene have a 90% chance of developing Alzheimer's by the age of eighty without treatment. Although Alzheimer's research is incredibly active, there are still more questions than answers in regard to this devastating disease.

APoE4 Slowly Degrades the Body

According to Dr. Natalie Rasgon, ApoE4 affects women at the cellular level long before these changes affect the body to a noticeable extent, increasing the physiological age of the cells long before this aging process becomes apparent and symptomatic. Dr. Rasgon is a professor of behavioral science and psychiatry at the Stanford School of Medicine in California.

This new study provides further evidence that Estrogen Replacement Therapy may be able to shield many older women from the effects of Alzheimer's diseaseespecially those who harbor this critical gene.

One of a Number of Studies Linking APoE4 to Alzheimer's

There have been a number of previously conducted studies which have shown that ApoE4 likely plays a role in Alzheimer's disease and general cognitive decline as a result of the aging process.

In another similar study, not directly related to ApoE4, 472 female patients were followed for 16 years. Some of the participants utilized Hormone Replacement Therapy while others did not utilize the treatment. Researchers found that patients who used Estrogen in addition to other forms of Hormone Replacement Therapy had an incidence of Alzheimer's which was fifty percent lower than those patients which did not use the therapy.

This gene is incredibly common among Alzheimer's patients, and is active in around forty percent of patients that are afflicted with the disease.

Dr. Rasgon's laboratory group focused primarily on telomeres, which are caps which close off the ends of chromosomes and are responsible for genetic stability. These telomeres function like genetic fuses over time. Each time that a cell reproduces, the telomeres become slightly shorter in length.

What are Telomeres?

Telomeres are areas of DNA which are at the ends of chromosome strands which consist of repeating lines of genetic data which are inert. These lines form a sort of cap on the ends of the chromosomes in order to prevent them from breaking down. During the process of cell replication, the enzymes which encourage the reproduction of chromosomes are unable to perform their function all the way to the very ends of cells, leaving a very brief portion of the chromosome un-copied.

If chromosomes did not have telomeres which featured this inert genetic data, then every time the cells divided, our chromosomes would lose vital genetic code and our bodies would deteriorate. These telomeres are partially consumed by the enzymes which encourage cell replication, but there are other cellular enzymes which are responsible for rebuilding telomeres. These cells are known as Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase. Under normal circumstances, telomeres set a soft limit on the natural life spans of animals, including humans. Telomeres play a major role in the aging process.

Studies such as those performed by Dr. Ragson help us understand more about telomeres and how we can extend our lifespans by manipulating the rate at which telomeres break down. There is also ongoing research regarding ways that telomeres can be adequately preserved or even lengthened in order to extend the lifespan. In many ways Hormone Replacement Therapy and Telomere Maintenance appear to be related.

Alzheimer's Correlated to Quicker Aging

The current body of scientific knowledge suggests that Alzheimer's and the biological aging process are likely correlated in a large subset of female patients.

If the telomeres reach a certain abridged size, the cells can begin to die off, or in other cases, the cells may lose their ability to continue to divide.

When the cells start to function abnormally as a result of the aging process, the signs of aging begin to become physiologically apparent on a holistic level. Symptoms of aging such as loss of muscle tone and cognitive sharpness, as well as wrinkled skin start to manifest, in addition to other negative side-effects which affect every system of the human body.

The rate at which the telomeres shorten is highly variable among individuals, and this can be used in order to accurately measure biological age, which is systematically different from chronological age, affecting each individual at a unique rate not entirely dependent upon simply time.

The researchers studied telomeres sampled from white blood cells drawn from seventy completely healthy women, generally aged between forty five and sixty five. All seventy were taking Estrogen Hormone Replacement Therapy.

How Might Estrogen Prevent Alzheimer's?

When menopause begins, estrogen levels decline at a rapid pace. There are a number of symptoms that almost all women are aware of, including cold sweats, hot flashes, mood instability, and lapses in memory. What most women probably do not realize is that menopause can increase the risks of a number of other medical issues as well, including Alzheimer's disease. In the past, there have been a few small scale studies that suggested that Estrogen Replacement Therapy may be a treatment option for those who suffer from Alzheimer's disease.

Although the benefits in regard to reversing the effects of Alzheimer's with Estrogen Replacement Therapy seem to be slim, there is growing evidence that Estrogen may be able to prevent the disease or slow its progression, especially when utilized during the period of Menopause. These benefits may persist later in life as well, when Estrogen HRT is utilized in smaller doses.

New studies have also shown that Estrogen provides a number of benefits to the brain in addition to safeguarding it against the threat of Alzheimer's. There has been a significant amount of animal research performed in regard to the Effects of Estrogen on Brain Cells, and it is apparent that the hormone plays a major role in protecting and supporting the function of brain cells.

Estrogen Associated with Healthy Acetylcholine Levels

Healthy Estrogen levels are associated with optimal levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which is important to the maintenance of cognition and memory. Estrogen also apparently has the ability to shut down the formation of plaques known as Beta Amyloids, which cause the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Beta Amyloid plaques are the result of an enzyme abnormality which causes the enzymes to produce malfunctioning proteins which breakdown the function of the brain, eventually leading to total cognitive breakdown and death.

Although Estrogen alone may not be a proper treatment for active Alzheimer's, there is still promise that Estrogen HRT when utilized in combination with other forms of Alzheimer's medical treatment such as Aricept (donepezil) may be able to improve health outcomes for patients with Alzheimer's disease.

APoE4 Study Parameters

The seventy women on Estrogen HRT were split into two variable groups. The first group of women stayed on Hormone Replacement Treatments, while the second group stopped all hormone therapy.

After two years, the participants had their white blood cells drawn a second time, and the scientists measured the rate by which the length of the telomeres shortened.

Among the healthy patients who halted Hormone Replacement Therapy, those with the active Alzheimer's gene were found to be 6 times as likely to have telomeres which shortened at an abnormally rapid pace than participants who did not have an active Alzheimer's gene.

For these women who did have the active ApoE4 gene, the telomeres reduced in length at a rate which would normally be expected over the course of a decade, rather than simply two years. Physiologically, these women were aging at a rate which was five times as fast as those with the deactivated gene.

Estrogen Slows Down Biological Aging Associated with APoE4

Hormone Replacement Therapy featuring Estrogen was shown to alleviate this issue, however. In patients who were at enhanced risk of Alzheimer's yet remained on Estrogen HRT, telomere length shortened at a normal rate which correlated with their cohorts with the deactivated gene.

This is powerful evidence that Hormone Replacement Treatments with Estrogen may have the ability to delay or prevent Alzheimer's disease, although much more study is needed in order to prove the hypothesis.

Professor Rasgon says that this study increases our knowledge of the benefits of Estrogen Replacement Therapy and in the future will help us pinpoint exactly which patients are likely to receive the maximum benefit from the hormone treatment.